Saturday, October 13, 2012

Cabinet Core Materials

As a designer at a fixture company, I should have some understanding of what goes in to making a cabinet--you start with some type of middle material and put a laminate on it, right? Well, yes, but while I never knew the specifics, I had a feeling there is actually a little more to it. So when my boss approached me about putting together a list of cabinet core materials, I thought, "Simple! Two, three choices max?" Wrong! There are so many to chose from, and each option has its pros and cons. Pick the right one and you have a sturdy, well made cabinet that will stand the test of time. Pick the wrong one and you may be replacing your cabinets a little more often than you had anticipated!

While you might not get the opportunity to put this information to use on a regular basis, if you play any type of role in specifying, purchasing, or installing cabinetry it is helpful to have a basic understanding of how the product is constructed.

Read on for a run-down of core materials...

1. Plywood
  •  Strong
  • Doesn't pose the cracking, warping or shrinking threat of solid wood
  • Can be manufactured in very large sheets
  • Two types:
    • Hardwood Plywood
      • Generally higher quality
      • Emits gas and formaldehyde from adhesive used in construction
    • Softwood Plywood
2. Combination Core
  •  Consistent flatness
  • Good screw-hold ability
  • Lighter than MDF or particleboard core
3. Lumber Core
  • Good bending strength
  • Good screw-hold ability
  • Excellent matching properties
  • Edges can be shaped and matched to finished surfaces without filing
  • Good bounce back, making it a great choice for long or wide shelves in cabinets and closets
  • Good choice when routed edge treatments are necessary and the edges cannot be concealed
    CONS
  • This is the most expensive core to manufacture, meaning finding a supplier may be difficult
  • Only the highest grade lumber core should be considered as there is a severe drop off in the consistency in lesser grades
  • Most grades machine poorly
  • Substantial voids are often present
4. MDF
  • Very smooth surface
  • Strong
  • Not prone to warping
  • Typically consistent from batch to batch
  • Typically free of voids and blisters, which results in better veneer consistency and bond, leading to less chipping during crosscut operation
  • Easy to machine and cut edges are excellent for glue adhesion
  • Good for use in humid climates or rooms
  • Great screw-hold ability when used with MDF-specific screws
  • Less expensive than plywood
    CONS
  • Extremely sensitive to heat and may experience bubbling, blistering, discoloration and peeling as the surface becomes damaged
  • MDF cabinets usually can't be repaired and generally need replaced more often.
  • More expensive than particleboard
  • More dense than particle board or plywood
  • Subject to water damage unless properly sealed with melamine, laminate, or other similar water resistant material.
5. Particleboard
  • Least expensive of all core types
  • Lighter than MDF
  • Great use of a waste product that would otherwise be discarded
  • More economical than plywood
  • Its uniform thickness, smoothness, surface integrity, ease of layup, and ability to stay flat make it an ideal core material
    CONS
  • Heavier than plywood, but not as strong
  • Edges splinter easily and aren't as strong as MDF
  • Does not have the screw-hold ability of other cores, however it does increase significantly with the use of particle board specific screws
  • Its use can indicate inferior construction and materials when used in the construction of furniture or cabinets
  • Tends to swell and separate, even with brief moisture contact
  • The high glue content found in the product quickly dulls the knives and blades on processing machinery and tools
  • Emits gas and formaldehyde from adhesive
6. Hardwood
  • Expands and contracts as it interacts with moisture in the air
7. Veneer Core
  • Moderate price
  • High strength to weight ratio
  • Provides dimensional stability and good strength both along and across the panel
  • Excellent bending strength and screw-hold ability
  • Lighter in weight than other core types
    CONS
  • Voids in the core and face are common
  • Not always consistent in thickness from sheet to sheet, or within the same sheet
  • The pre-veneered surface is coarser and does not accept veneer as well, resulting in excessive chipping and tearout during the machining process
  • During cutting, you will always be ripping some layers and crosscutting others, which makes cutting more difficult with a greater tendency to burn
  • Saw-cut edges are not as clean and smooth as other core types--does not take edge glue well
  • Inconsistencies in the pre-veneered surface can result in thin spots in the veneer
8. Fir Core
  • Very resilient to weather while being quite stable
  • Great screw-hold ability
  • Relative softness of the layers means that any inconsistencies in the product will even out during compression
9. Poplar Core
  • Heavier and harder than fir
  • Very stable
    CONS
  • Lacks weather resistence
  • Will not compress, making voids and knots more likely to telegraph through the surface veneer
  • Poplar that is not dried properly is more prone to delamination
10. Aspen Core
  • Similar properties to Fir Core, but less dense, resulting in a lighter sheet
  • Soft and will compress nicely giving a consistent face
11. Birch and Maple Core
  • High density
  • Both species are hard and thin, making for an extremely stable product
  • It is very unlikely for a void to be found in these core types
  • Good edge strength, making them less prone to splintering than Fir and Poplar
  • Relatively attractive cores, making them a great choice when the edges of the final product will be exposed
  • Maple has slightly more grain pattern on the surface, allowing for it to be sanded very smooth
    CONS
  • Specialty high-end product
  • Birch core has a tendency to splinter at the edge of a machined cut
  • These are the most expensive cores available
12. Fire-rated Core
  • Suitable for a variety of industrial and commercial building applications where stringent building codes and public safety requirements are a factor
13. NAUF Core
  • Recommended for applications where the presence of formaldehyde is a concern
  • Environmentally-friendly
14. Bamboo Core
  • Great for use in tropical or high humidity climates
  • Sustainable and environmentally-friendly
  • Strong
  • Can be made water-resistant
    CONS
  • More expensive than MDF
15. Medium and High Density Overlay Plywood Core 
  • Lighter than full MDF core
  • More stable surface than veneer core plywood

No comments:

Post a Comment